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Quality of Life Questionnaire (QOL.Q)

Ages: 18 & Up. Time: 20 mins.

Scientific Foundations

Authors: Robert L. Schalock, Ph.D. (former President, AAMR) and Kenneth D. Keith, Ph.D. (University of San Diego). The QOL.Q is a 40-item rating scale designed to measure the overall quality of life of a person with mental retardation. For individuals with sufficient language skills, the instrument is administered in an interview format. For people who lack the necessary language skills, the instrument is completed by two raters who know the individual well and who are familiar with the individual's current activities and living environment.

This is an established instrument used throughout the nation and adopted on a statewide basis in a number of places. The instrument is based on a four component model. Separate scales assess overall Satisfaction, Competence/Productivity, Empowerment/ Independence, and Social Belonging/ Community Integration.

The results of the QOL.Q may be used for any of a variety of purposes. This instrument is well suited for person-centered planning, quality-oriented service provision, and feedback to habilitation personnel. The results can provide standardized consumer outcomes measures for consumer empowerment, perceived independence, social belonging, community integration, and consumer satisfaction. The QOL.Q may be used as part of an evaluation of a service program or agency. The QOL.Q may be used as a criterion or dependent measure in research studies.

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References

Campo, S. F., Sharpton, W. R., Thompson, B., & Sexton, D. (1996). Measurement characteristics of the Quality of Life Index when used with adults who have severe mental retardation. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 100 (5), 546-550.

Campo, S. F., Sharpton, W. R., Thompson, B., & Sexton, D. (1997). Correlates of the quality of life of adults with severe or profound mental retardation. Mental Retardation, 35 (5), 329-337.

Harner, C. J., & Heal, L. W. (1993). The Multifaceted Lifestyle Satisfaction Scale (MLSS): Psychometric properties of an interview schedule for assessing personal satisfaction of adults with limited intelligence. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 14, 221-236.

Kober, R., & Eggleton, I.R. C. (2002). Factor stability of the Schalock and Keith (1993) Quality of Life Questionnaire. Mental Retardation, 40 (2), 157-165.

Otrebski, W. (2000). Quality of life of people with mental retardation living in two different environments. In K. D. Keith and R. L. Schalock (Eds.), Cross-cultural perspectives on quality of life (pp. 83-92). Washington, DC: American Association on Mental Retardation.

Raphael, D., Brown, I., Renwick, R., & Rootman, I. (1996). Assessing the quality of life of persons with developmental disabilities: Description of a new model, measuring instruments, and initial findings. International Journal of Disability, Development, and Education, 43 (1), 25-42.

Rapley, M.,& Beyer, S. (1996). Daily activity, community participation and quality of life in an ordinary housing network. Journal of Applied Research on Intellectual Disabilities, 9 (1), 31-39.

Rapley, M., & Beyer, S. (1997). Daily activity, community participation and quality of life in an ordinary housing network: A two-year follow-up. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 10 (4), 159-174.

Rapley, M., & Hopgood, L. (1997). Quality of life in a community-based service in rural Australia. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 22 (2), 125-141.

Rapley, M.,& Lobley, J. (1995). Factor analysis of the Schalock & Keith (1993) Quality of Life Questionnaire: A replication. Mental Handicap Research, 8 (3), 194-202.

Rapley, M., Ridgway, J., & Beyer, S. (1997). Staff:staff and staff:client reliability of the Schalock & Keith (1993) Quality of Life Questionnaire. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 42 (part 1), 37-42.

Reiter, S. & Bendov, D. (1996). The self concept and quality of life of two groups of learning disabled adults living at home and in group homes. The British Journal of Developmental Disabilities XLII, Part 2 (83, July), 97-111.

Schalock, R. L., & Keith, K.D. (1993). Quality of Life Questionnaire Manual.

Worthington, OH: IDS Publishing Company.

Stancliffe, R.J. (1999). Proxy respondents and the reliability of the Quality of Life Questionnaire empowerment factor. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 43 (part 3), 185-193.

About the Authors
Robert L. Schalock, is a Washington State University Ph.D. He is Professor Emeritus of Psychology at Hastings College, and past president of the American Association on Mental Retardation. He is author or editor of several books and many chapters and articles on quality of life and developmental disabilities. His most recent book on quality of life, edited with M.A. Verdugo, is the Handbook on Quality of Life for Human Service Practitioners (2002, American Association on Mental Retardation).
Kenneth D. Keith, is a University of Nebraska-Lincoln Ph.D. He is currently Professor and Chair of the Department of Psychology at the University of San Diego. His work on quality of life includes many articles and chapters on quality of life of people with developmental disabilities, as well as studies of quality of life of university students, older people, and people with Type-A behavior. He has lived and taught in Japan and Mexico, and has a special interest in cross-cultural quality of life. He is co-editor of, Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Quality of Life (2000, American Association on Mental Retardation).